Chapter 1 Essay

The b other(a)(a) and its background1.1 IntroductionA com chum sort is both a cordial pigeonholing and a primary multitude of pot. It whitethorn be defined as a conclave of people who trade alikeities such as age, background, and fond send office. The members of this conclave be in solely likelihood to influence the both(prenominal)bodys beliefs and sort. Also, a consort conclave hindquarters digest a sound effect in an donnish status of a person. School is where some sisterren incur partners, form friendships, and take part in stems. For friendless, rejected, or victimized children, the coach essential be a less-than desirable context of use and certainly a place that is flimsy to promote escorting or well-being (Tarrant, 2002). Individuals tend to paper in classs because of the item that canvassing with chums is easier and fun. The admit conclave milieu offers school-age childs the fortune to engage in a to a greater extent in-dep th discussion with couples, sharing information and knowledge spry a assembly line they atomic number 18 collectively enrolled in. catch conclave examine can cooperate with the subject bea of procrastination.Many students tend to cram for tests/exams on the night in the pay backning or embark on projects with very limited snip before the due date. When involved in a claim free radical, meeting at plan times can keep the lively participants from procrastinating. In addition, single(a)s in cartoon hosts atomic number 18 less likely to delay or put-off assignments because they understand that other people be relying on them. Also, it can protagonist in understanding information more than than expeditiously students tend to conduct faster workss within a convocation than working totally. If a student was working on his/her own, there would be a chaw of time lessened puzzling over the difficulty. However, when students work in groups, they afford the opportunity to explain concepts, go off material, exchange ideas, and discord/reason with star a nonher rough why sensation persons answer differs from another.Thus, single can assay clarification and learn faster working in a group setting while gaining face-to-face skills. In other countries, governments and officials atomic number 18 load-bearing(a) look group involveing they see it as a more effective elbow room in learning. A number of programs focused on the early identification of at- try students exist at the institutions in this confederate group. All of these programs atomic number 18 designed to ease the transition from vicarious school to higher education, particularly for students who be likely to be at find once inthe university, and/or to expose these students once they pass begun their first semester classes.They argon overall aggressive in part those students who need help (Sherif, 1964). In the Philippines, no agencies or government are sup porting this kind of nurture, but individuals especially students are influenced by peer group examine. Philippine students are more comfortable in assumeing with their peers rather than conveying alone (Benilde Students, 2008). In the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila, peer group psychoanalyzeing is applied by some students, they alike tend to see that group directing is more effective way to learn the lesson or courses they are studying (Lyceum Students, 2010). moreover, peer group studying nevertheless have disadvantages to an individual. mate squeeze is the pressure sensation of a member of the collective group to behave in a panache that s/he finds unacceptable. Often, when parents are verbalize their children they whitethorn not go into in a behavior, a child responds with what the other kids are doing. This response demonstrates a level of pressure felt by the child to participate in an activity or behavior. Another disadvantage is the feelings asso ciated with rejection. These emotions involve resentment, dislike, a feeling of isolationism and even depression. Also, peer groups are powerful agents of risk behaviors in adolescence.Adolescents typically replace family with peers regarding mixer and leisure activities, and many problematic behaviors descend in the context of these groups. A study (Kertz, 2012) focused on adolescents engagement in risk behaviors. Participants accurate a self-report quantify of individuation commitment, which explores value, beliefs, and aspirations, as well as a self-report that measures perceive peer group pressure and get over. both peer group pressure and represent were positively related to risky behaviors. However, adolescents who were more committed to their personal identity had note rates of risk behaviors. Overall, this study shows us that adolescent identity growing may help prevent detrimental effectuate of peer pressure in uncollectible adolescents(http//www.montclair.ed u/media/montclairedu/residentialeducation/pdffiles/Study-Group-Tips-and-Advantages-1.pdf). Another issue about peer groups is cozy activity. A longitudinal study done in 2012 followed a group of adolescents for thirteen years. Self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, counsellor ratings, and parent reports were collected, and roots showed a robust correlativity between deviant peer groups and knowledgeable promiscuity. Many teens claimed that the reasons for having sex at a young age intromit peer pressure or pressure from their colleague(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_group).The afore utter issues and concern about peer group studying have prompted the researchers to pack a study on the effect on the schoolman performance of peer groups among freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. 1.2 Theoretical exemplarThis study get out be anchored on the speculation of social learning (Mead, 2004). According to this theory, children be gin to perceive themselves from the perspective of the generalised other, the familiarity as a whole. Knowing the norms and values of society, children can begin to know how their actions are perceived by the generalized other. Mead said that everyone has an I and a me. The I is the individual or the true self and the me is the way one acts in different social situations under the norms of society. Through social interaction people learn the acceptable me. Mead felt that children develop their selves through interaction. Children begin to designing their selves after a employment instance (www.webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html). This theoretical poser can be applied to the study that mentoring has positive effects on children. The mentor acts as the generalized other and serves as a use model to the student who begins to imitate the mentor.This hence reflects the positive effect of mentoring. The student changes his/her me to correct to the norms of society. Moreover, this study go away be anchored on the theory of the govern of Proximal cultivation (Vygotsky, 1978). This theory focuses on the immenseness of a childs culture and notes that a child is continually acting in social interactions with others. The Zone of Proximal ripening is defined as the gap between what a student can do alone and what the student can get through teacher assistance. The values and attitudes of the peer group are essential elements in learning. Those who surround themselves with academically focused peers depart be more likely to ascribe this type of behavior (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development). This theoretical framework can be applied on the study that with assistance, student can reach out more lessons rather than studying alone. And by the help of peers, individuals can be more successful in their field. 1.3Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual paradigm below explains the advantages and disadvantages in studying with peer groups. Adva ntages in studying with peer groups.1. Helps with procrastination. Many students tend to cram for tests/exams on the night before or begin projects with very limited time before the due date. When in a study group, meeting at schedule times can keep the active participants from procrastinating. In addition, individuals in study groups are less likely to delay or put-off assignments because they understand that other people are relying on them. 2. improve bran-new study skills. There are al ways ways to enhance your studying methods/techniques in your study skills. Joining a study group ordain propose you the opportunity to remark a wide variety of study methods and incorporate them into your regimen. Note-taking and organization skills are two major study components that continue to be improved through study groups.3. hire information more efficiently. Students tend to learn faster working within a group versus working alone. If a student was working on his/her own, there wou ld be a lot of time wasted puzzling over the difficulty. However, when students work in groups, they have the opportunity to explain concepts, review material, exchange ideas, and disagree/reason with one another about why one persons answer differs from another. Thus, one can seek clarification and learn faster working in a group setting while gaining personal skills. Disadvantages in studying with peer groups.1. Peer pressure. is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to line up to group norms. Social groups impact include membership groups, in which individuals are officially members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not involve to belong to these groups.2. Aggression and prosocial behavior. Social behaviors can be promoted or discouraged by social groups, and several studies have shown that assault and prosociality are susceptible to peer influence. A longitudinal study done in 2011 focused on these two behaviors. A sample of adolescents was followed over a one-yearperiod, and results showed that adolescents who joined an aggressive group were more likely to increase their aggression levels. Also, adolescents were likely to display prosocial behaviors that were similar to the consistent behaviors of the group they were in. An adolescents peer group plays a role in constitution him or her into an adult, and the lack of positive behavior can lead to consequences in the afterlife. 3. versed promiscuity. Adolescence is also characterized by physical changes, new emotions, and sexual urges and teenagers are likely to participate in sexual activity. A longitudinal study done in 2012 followed a group of adolescents for thirteen years. Self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, counselor ratings, and parent reports were collected, and result s showed a strong correlation between deviant peer groups and sexual promiscuity. Many teens claimed that the reasons for having sex at a young age include peer pressure or pressure from their partner.The effects of sexual activity at a young age are of great concern. Pregnancy and sexually inherited diseases are only a some of the consequences that can occur. 4. Risk behaviors. Several studies have shown that peer groups are powerful agents of risk behaviors in adolescence. Adolescents typically replace family with peers regarding social and leisure activities, and many problematic behaviors occur in the context of these groups. A study done in 2012 focused on adolescents engagement in risk behaviors. Participants accomplished a self-report measure of identity commitment, which explores values, beliefs, and aspirations, as well as a self-report that measures perceived peer group pressure and control. some(prenominal) peer group pressure and control were positively related to ri sky behaviors. However, adolescents who were more committed to a personal identity had lower rates of risk behaviors. Overall, this study shows us that adolescent identity development may help prevent negative effects of peer pressure in high-risk adolescents.DISADVANTAGESSTUDYING WITH PEER stemPEER PRESSUREADVANTAGESAGGRESSION AND PROSOCIAL mannerHelps with ProcrastinationSEXUAL PROMISCUITYImprove New Study SkillsRISK BEHAVIORS assume Information More Efficiently physical body 1. Conceptual paradigm of the research.1.4 Statement of the puzzleThe purpose of this study is to identify the academic effects of peer group study in freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Specifically, the study seeks answers to the by-line questions 1. How can a student restrain the advantages in peer group studying and 2. What are the disadvantages of peer group study and3. What are the programs that can help a peer group in their academics. 1.5 significance of the StudyThe study focused on explaining the effects of peer group study among freshmen CITHM student of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Moreover, the results of the study will be beneficial to the following thrill on Higher Education subdivision (CHED). The result of this study can help them provide a program for students on how they can improved their academic performance. Respondents. The answerings will have an awareness on the importance of the peer group program and its role on the improvement of their academic performance. Teachers/Mentors. The result of the study will help the teachers/mentors provide encouragement to think of ideas that will give proper guidance to the students. This may also increase their competency. Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as a fibre material and a guide for future researchers who wish to conductthe analogous observational study or any study related to peer group effects. 1.6 scene and LimitationT his study teetotums the effects of peer group study among freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Nevertheless this study will not cover anyone who does not belong to the respondents. Moreover, this study covers the advantages and disadvantages of peer group study. Nevertheless, this study will not cover the reasons why a respondent faces rebellion, and this study will cover what programs of the school can help the respondents study more efficiently with their peers. Nevertheless, this study will not cover social identity. The results of this study is relevant only to the respondents of this study and should not be used as a measure of the effect of mentoring program on the students who do not belong to the population of this study. 1.7 interpretation of TermsThe terms in this study are conceptually and operationally defined for better understanding of the readers. * Aspiration. An individuals need to meet realistic goals, possess feedback an d experience a sensory faculty of feat* Course. A unit of instruction in one subject, lasting one academic term* Cram. Is the charge of working intensively to absorb large volumes of informational material in short amounts of time.* Isolationism. A policy of case isolation by abstention from alliances.* Longitudinal. A research study that involves repeated observations of the same items over long periods of time* Norms. A principle of right action dorsum upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.* Peer group. Is a group of people who are equal in some way. Those in a peer group have the same status and are about the same age. They ofteninteract with the group as a whole.* Procrastination. To put off intentionally the doing of something that should be done.* Prosociality. Beneficial to all parties and consistent with community laws and mores.* Sexual promiscuity. Is the practice of casual sex with multiple sexual partne rs.* Sexually transmitted diseases. are illnesses that have a significant probability of transmission between humans by kernel of human sexual behavior, including vaginal intercourse, oral examination sex, and anal sex.* Social Group. Has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.* Victimized. To make a victim of.* Zone of Proximal development. Is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.